Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

which can be extended

  • 1 extend

    1. transitive verb
    1) (stretch out) ausstrecken [Arm, Bein, Hand]; ausziehen [Leiter, Teleskop]; ausbreiten [Flügel]
    2) (make longer) (in space) verlängern; ausdehnen [Grenze]; ausbauen [Bahnlinie, Straße]; (in time) verlängern; verlängern lassen [Leihbuch, Visum]

    extend the time limit — den Termin hinausschieben

    3) (enlarge) ausdehnen [Einfluss, Macht]; erweitern [Wissen, Wortschatz, Bedeutung, Freundeskreis, Besitz, Geschäft]; ausbauen, vergrößern [Haus, Geschäft]
    4) (offer) gewähren, zuteil werden lassen [[Gast]freundschaft, Schutz, Hilfe, Kredit] (to Dat.); (accord) aussprechen [Dank, Einladung, Glückwunsch] (to Dat.); ausrichten [Gruß] (to Dat.)
    2. intransitive verb
    * * *
    [ik'stend]
    1) (to make longer or larger: He extended his vegetable garden.) ausdehnen
    2) (to reach or stretch: The school grounds extend as far as this fence.) sich erstrecken
    3) (to hold out or stretch out (a limb etc): He extended his hand to her.) ausstrecken
    4) (to offer: May I extend a welcome to you all?) anbieten
    •
    - academic.ru/25901/extension">extension
    - extensive
    * * *
    ex·tend
    [ɪkˈstend, ekˈ-]
    I. vt
    1. (stretch out)
    ▪ to \extend sth etw ausstrecken
    to \extend one's fingers seine Finger ausstrecken
    to \extend one's hand to sb jdm die Hand entgegenstrecken [o geh reichen]
    to \extend a line/rope eine Leine/ein Seil spannen
    2. (prolong)
    ▪ to \extend sth credit, visa etw verlängern
    ▪ to \extend sth etw verlängern; ladder, table etw ausziehen; landing gear etw ausfahren; sofa etw ausklappen
    4. (expand)
    ▪ to \extend sth etw erweitern [o vergrößern]; influence, business etw ausdehnen [o ausbauen
    ▪ to \extend sth etw vergrößern [o verstärken]
    to \extend public awareness of sth die Öffentlichkeit für etw akk sensibilisieren
    to \extend one's commitment seine Bemühungen verstärken, sich akk stärker engagieren
    6. (build)
    ▪ to \extend sth [to sth] etw [an etw akk] anbauen
    to \extend one's house sein Haus ausbauen
    to \extend a road/track eine Straße/Fahrspur ausbauen
    ▪ to \extend sth to sb jdm etw erweisen [o zuteilwerden lassen]; credit, protection jdm etw gewähren [o SCHWEIZ a. zusprechen]
    to \extend money to sb FIN jdm Geld zur Verfügung stellen
    to \extend one's thanks to sb jdm seinen Dank aussprechen
    to \extend a welcome to sb jdn willkommen heißen
    8. (strain)
    ▪ to \extend sb jdn [bis an seine Leistungsgrenze] fordern
    ▪ to \extend oneself sich akk verausgaben
    II. vi
    1. (stretch) sich akk erstrecken, sich akk ausdehnen; over period of time sich akk hinziehen pej, dauern
    the fields \extend into the distance die Felder dehnen sich bis in die Ferne aus
    rain is expected to \extend to all parts of the country by this evening bis heute Abend soll der Regen alle Landesteile erreicht haben
    the last party \extended throughout the night die letzte Party dauerte die ganze Nacht
    ▪ to \extend beyond sth über etw akk hinausgehen
    to \extend for miles sich akk meilenweit hinziehen
    2. (include) sich erstrecken
    ▪ to \extend to sb/sth restrictions für jdn/etw gelten
    his concern doesn't \extend as far as actually doing something seine Besorgnis geht nicht so weit, dass er tatsächlich etwas unternimmt
    * * *
    [ɪk'stend]
    1. vt
    1) (= stretch out) arms ausstrecken
    2) (= prolong) street, line, visit, passport, holidays, deadline, lease verlängern
    3) (= enlarge) research, powers, franchise ausdehnen, erweitern; knowledge erweitern, vergrößern; influence ausbauen; scheme ausweiten; house anbauen an (+acc); property vergrößern, erweitern; limits erweitern; frontiers of a country ausdehnen

    in an extended sense of the term — im weiteren Sinne des Wortes

    4) (= offer) (to sb jdm) help gewähren; hospitality, friendship erweisen; invitation, thanks, condolences, congratulations aussprechen
    5) (usu pass = make demands on) person, pupil, athlete fordern
    2. vi
    1) (wall, estate, garden) sich erstrecken, sich ausdehnen (to, as far as bis); (ladder, table) sich ausziehen lassen; (meetings etc over period of time) sich ausdehnen or hinziehen

    a career that extended from 1974 to 1990 — eine Laufbahn, die sich von 1974 bis 1990 erstreckte

    2)

    (= reach to) enthusiasm which extends even to the children — Begeisterung, die sich sogar auf die Kinder überträgt

    * * *
    extend [ıkˈstend]
    A v/t
    1. (aus)dehnen, (-)weiten
    2. a) verlängern
    b) eine Leiter etc ausziehen
    3. eine Produktionsanlage etc vergrößern, erweitern, ausbauen:
    extend one’s horizons seinen Horizont erweitern;
    extend one’s lead SPORT seinen Vorsprung ausbauen
    4. ein Seil etc ziehen, führen, spannen ( alle:
    round um)
    5. ausstrecken (one’s hand die Hand)
    6. Nahrungsmittel etc strecken ( with mit)
    7. fig fort-, weiterführen, einen Besuch, seine Macht ausdehnen (to auf akk), eine Frist, einen Pass, einen Vertrag etc verlängern, WIRTSCH auch prolongieren, ein Angebot etc aufrechterhalten:
    have one’s passport extended seinen Pass verlängern lassen; → bedtime
    8. (to, toward[s] dat)
    a) eine Gunst, Hilfe gewähren, Gutes erweisen
    b) seinen Dank, Glückwunsch etc aussprechen:
    extend an invitation to(wards) sb jemandem eine Einladung schicken, jemanden einladen
    c) einen Gruß entbieten
    a) gerichtlich abschätzen
    b) pfänden
    10. Abkürzungen (voll) ausschreiben, Kurzschrift (in Langschrift) übertragen
    11. SPORT das Letzte aus einem Pferd herausholen, voll ausreiten:
    extend o.s. sich völlig ausgeben oder verausgaben
    12. FLUG das Fahrgestell ausfahren
    13. MIL ausschwärmen lassen
    14. Buchhaltung: übertragen
    B v/i
    1. sich ausdehnen, sich erstrecken, reichen ( alle:
    over über akk;
    to bis zu)
    2. sich (zeitlich) erstrecken oder hinziehen ( for über akk)
    3. a) hinausgehen ( beyond über akk)
    b) (heraus)ragen
    4. MIL ausschwärmen
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) (stretch out) ausstrecken [Arm, Bein, Hand]; ausziehen [Leiter, Teleskop]; ausbreiten [Flügel]
    2) (make longer) (in space) verlängern; ausdehnen [Grenze]; ausbauen [Bahnlinie, Straße]; (in time) verlängern; verlängern lassen [Leihbuch, Visum]
    3) (enlarge) ausdehnen [Einfluss, Macht]; erweitern [Wissen, Wortschatz, Bedeutung, Freundeskreis, Besitz, Geschäft]; ausbauen, vergrößern [Haus, Geschäft]
    4) (offer) gewähren, zuteil werden lassen [[Gast]freundschaft, Schutz, Hilfe, Kredit] (to Dat.); (accord) aussprechen [Dank, Einladung, Glückwunsch] (to Dat.); ausrichten [Gruß] (to Dat.)
    2. intransitive verb
    * * *
    v.
    ausdehnen v.
    ausfahren (Leiter, Antenne) v.
    ausweiten v.
    erweitern v.
    vergrößern v.
    verlängern v.

    English-german dictionary > extend

  • 2 Self

       There are some philosophers who imagine we are every moment intimately conscious of what we call our SELF; that we feel its existence and its continuance in existence; and are certain, beyond the evidence of a demonstration, both of its perfect identity and simplicity....
       For my part, when I enter most intimately into what I call myself, I always stumble on some particular perception or other, of heat or cold, light or shade, love or hatred, pain or pleasure. I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe anything but the perception....
       [S]etting aside some metaphysicians... I may venture to affirm, of the rest of mankind, that they are nothing but a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement. Our eyes cannot turn in their sockets without varying our perceptions. Our thought is still more variable than our sight; and all our other senses and faculties contribute to this change; nor is there any single power of the soul, which remains unalterably the same, perhaps for one moment. The mind is a kind of theatre, where several perceptions successively make their appearance, pass, re-pass, glide away, and mingle in an infinite variety of postures and situations. There is properly no simplicity in it at any one time, nor identity in different, whatever natural propensity we may have to imagine that simplicity and identity. The comparison of the theatre must not mislead us. [It is merely] the successive perceptions... that constitute the mind; nor have we the most distant notion of the place where the scenes are represented, or of the materials of which it is composed. (Hume, 1978, pp. 251-256)
       To find wherein personal identity consists, we must consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in different times and places; which it does only by that consciousness which is inseparable from thinking and, as it seems to me, essential for it-it being impossible for anyone to perceive without perceiving that he does perceive.
       When we see, hear, smell, taste, feel, meditate, or will anything, we know that we do so. Thus it is always as to our present sensations and perceptions; and by this everyone is to himself that which he calls self, not being considered in this case whether the same self be continued in the same or different substances. For since consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makes everyone to be what he calls self, and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things, in this alone consists personal identity, i.e., the sameness of a rational being. And as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought, so far reaches the identity of that person. It is the same self now it was then, and it is by the same self as this present one that now reflects on it, that action was done. (Locke, 1975, Bk. II, Chap. 27, Sec. 9-10)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Self

  • 3 temperature-rise inside assembly

    1. увеличение температуры внутри НКУ

     

    увеличение температуры внутри НКУ
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    Temperature-rise inside assemblies

    An excessive temperature-rise inside assemblies represents one of the main problems which are often subject for discussion and to which users pay the most attention.

    It is evident that an anomalous heating inside switchgear can jeopardize the safety of people (possible fires) and plants (malfunctioning of the apparatus).

    For this reason, the Standard IEC 60439-1 gives a lot of space to the permissible temperature-rise limits in an assembly and to the methods to determine such limits either directly as type test or by analytic extrapolation.

    The term type test defines the tests intended to assess the validity of a project according to the expected performances.

    Such tests are usually carried out on one or more prototypes and the results of these type tests are assumed to obey to deterministic laws.

    Therefore these results can be extended to all the production, provided that it complies with the design of the tested samples.

    The type tests prescribed by the Standard IEC 60439-1 include:
    • verification of temperature-rise limits
    • verification of the dielectric properties
    • verification of the short-circuit withstand strength of the main circuits
    • verification of the short-circuit withstand strength of the protective circuit
    • verification of the effective connection between the exposed conductive parts and the protective circuit
    • verification of clearances and creepage distances
    • verification of mechanical operation
    • verification of the degree of protection

    As said above the verification of temperature-rise limits is one of the most critical aspect for an assembly;

    the Standard states the temperature-rise limits referred to an average ambient air temperature of ≤35°C which the switchgear complying with the Standard must not exceed (Table 1).
    [ABB]

    Увеличение температуры внутри НКУ

    Чрезмерное увеличение температуры внутри НКУ свидетельствует о наличии одной из основных проблем, часто являющихся предметом рассмотрения, и на которые потребители обращают наибольшее влияние.

    Совершенно очевидно, что аномальный нагрев элементов внутри НКУ может создать опасность для людей (например, возникновение пожара) и для электроустановки (неправильная работа аппаратуры).

    Поэтому стандарт МЭК 60439-1 уделяет большое внимание рассмотрению предельных значений температуры в НКУ и методам их определения, как путем проведения прямых испытаний, так и с помощью экстраполяции значений, полученных в результате испытаний.

    Термин типовые испытания определяет испытания, целью которых является доказательство, что испытываемое устройство отвечает определенным техническим условиям.

    Такие испытания обычно проводят на одном или нескольких типопредставителях, и считают, что полученные результаты являются детерминированными.

    Поэтому их можно применить ко всем изделиям, конструкция которых соответствует испытанным образцам.

    В перечень проверок и испытаний, проводимых на НКУ в соответствии со стандартом МЭК 60439-1, входят:
    • проверка предельных значений превышения температуры;
    • проверка диэлектрических свойств;
    • проверка прочности при коротких замыканиях
    • проверка прочности при коротких замыканиях цепи защитного заземления
    • проверка прочности соединения открытых проводящих частей и цепи защитного заземления
    • проверка воздушных зазоров и длин путей утечки;
    • проверка механической работоспособности
    • проверка степени защиты

    Как сказано выше проверка предельных значений превышения температуры является одним из наиболее важных параметров НКУ.

    Согласно стандарту превышение предельного значения температуры относительно средней температуры окружающего воздуха, равной 35° C, не должно превышать значений, указанных в таблице 1.

    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > temperature-rise inside assembly

  • 4 brand protection communications & education plan

    1. план ФНД «Защита интеллектуальной собственности» по коммуникациям и образованию

     

    план ФНД «Защита интеллектуальной собственности» по коммуникациям и образованию
    План включает в себя Концепцию рекламной кампании функции, в которой указано художественное направление, идейное содержание и целевая аудитория пиар-кампании «Противодействие теневому маркетингу». План также включает в себя инструментарий, необходимый ФНД «Защита интеллектуальной собственности» в работе с общественностью (например, рекламные проспекты, тезисы выступлений, пресс-релизы и т. д.) для пресс-конференций и интервью о фактах нарушения прав интеллектуальной собственности и освещения судебных процессов, по которым решение вынесено в пользу ОКОИ. В случае необходимости, в образовательный проект могут быть включены работодатели ОКОИ.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    EN

    brand protection communications & education plan
    Plan includes a Function Creative Brief, which outlines the creative direction, message and target audience for the "Anti-Ambush" communication and public relations campaign. Plan also includes a public relations kit for Brand Protection (e.g., fact sheets, talking points, press releases, etc.) for press conferences and interviews to spotlight infringement cases and publicize those resolved in the OCOG’s favor. In case of need, the education project can be extended to OCOG employers.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    EN

    • brand protection communications & education plan

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > brand protection communications & education plan

  • 5 Leonardo da Vinci

    [br]
    b. 15 April 1452 Vinci, near Florence, Italy,
    d. 2 May 1519 St Cloux, near Amboise, France.
    [br]
    Italian scientist, engineer, inventor and artist.
    [br]
    Leonardo was the illegitimate son of a Florentine lawyer. His first sixteen years were spent with the lawyer's family in the rural surroundings of Vinci, which aroused in him a lifelong love of nature and an insatiable curiosity in it. He received little formal education but extended his knowledge through private reading. That gave him only a smattering of Latin, a deficiency that was to be a hindrance throughout his active life. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the studio of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence, where he received a training not only in art but in a wide variety of crafts and technical arts.
    In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan, where he sought and obtained employment with Ludovico Sforza, later Duke of Milan, partly to sculpt a massive equestrian statue of Ludovico but the work never progressed beyond the full-scale model stage. He did, however, complete the painting which became known as the Virgin of the Rocks and in 1497 his greatest artistic achievement, The Last Supper, commissioned jointly by Ludovico and the friars of Santa Maria della Grazie and painted on the wall of the monastery's refectory. Leonardo was responsible for the court pageants and also devised a system of irrigation to supply water to the plains of Lombardy. In 1499 the French army entered Milan and deposed Leonardo's employer. Leonardo departed and, after a brief visit to Mantua, returned to Florence, where for a time he was employed as architect and engineer to Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna. Around 1504 he completed another celebrated work, the Mona Lisa.
    In 1506 Leonardo began his second sojourn in Milan, this time in the service of King Louis XII of France, who appointed him "painter and engineer". In 1513 Leonardo left for Rome in the company of his pupil Francesco Melzi, but his time there was unproductive and he found himself out of touch with the younger artists active there, Michelangelo above all. In 1516 he accepted with relief an invitation from King François I of France to reside at the small château of St Cloux in the royal domain of Amboise. With the pension granted by François, Leonardo lived out his remaining years in tranquility at St Cloux.
    Leonardo's career can hardly be regarded as a success or worthy of such a towering genius. For centuries he was known only for the handful of artistic works that he managed to complete and have survived more or less intact. His main activity remained hidden until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which the contents of his notebooks were gradually revealed. It became evident that Leonardo was one of the greatest scientific investigators and inventors in the history of civilization. Throughout his working life he extended a searching curiosity over an extraordinarily wide range of subjects. The notes show careful investigation of questions of mechanical and civil engineering, such as power transmission by means of pulleys and also a form of chain belting. The notebooks record many devices, such as machines for grinding and polishing lenses, a lathe operated by treadle-crank, a rolling mill with conical rollers and a spinning machine with pinion and yard divider. Leonardo made an exhaustive study of the flight of birds, with a view to designing a flying machine, which obsessed him for many years.
    Leonardo recorded his observations and conclusions, together with many ingenious inventions, on thousands of pages of manuscript notes, sketches and drawings. There are occasional indications that he had in mind the publication of portions of the notes in a coherent form, but he never diverted his energy into putting them in order; instead, he went on making notes. As a result, Leonardo's impact on the development of science and technology was virtually nil. Even if his notebooks had been copied and circulated, there were daunting impediments to their understanding. Leonardo was left-handed and wrote in mirror-writing: that is, in reverse from right to left. He also used his own abbreviations and no punctuation.
    At his death Leonardo bequeathed his entire output of notes to his friend and companion Francesco Melzi, who kept them safe until his own death in 1570. Melzi left the collection in turn to his son Orazio, whose lack of interest in the arts and sciences resulted in a sad period of dispersal which endangered their survival, but in 1636 the bulk of them, in thirteen volumes, were assembled and donated to the Ambrosian Library in Milan. These include a large volume of notes and drawings compiled from the various portions of the notebooks and is now known as the Codex Atlanticus. There they stayed, forgotten and ignored, until 1796, when Napoleon's marauding army overran Italy and art and literary works, including the thirteen volumes of Leonardo's notebooks, were pillaged and taken to Paris. After the war in 1815, the French government agreed to return them but only the Codex Atlanticus found its way back to Milan; the rest remained in Paris. The appendix to one notebook, dealing with the flight of birds, was later regarded as of sufficient importance to stand on its own. Four small collections reached Britain at various times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of these, the volume in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is notable for its magnificent series of anatomical drawings. Other collections include the Codex Leicester and Codex Arundel in the British Museum in London, and the Madrid Codices in Spain.
    Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Leonardo's true stature as scientist, engineer and inventor began to emerge, particularly with the publication of transcriptions and translations of his notebooks. The volumes in Paris appeared in 1881–97 and the Codex Atlanticus was published in Milan between 1894 and 1904.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    "Premier peintre, architecte et mécanicien du Roi" to King François I of France, 1516.
    Further Reading
    E.MacCurdy, 1939, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, 2 vols, London; 2nd edn, 1956, London (the most extensive selection of the notes, with an English translation).
    G.Vasari (trans. G.Bull), 1965, Lives of the Artists, London: Penguin, pp. 255–271.
    C.Gibbs-Smith, 1978, The Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci, Oxford: Phaidon. L.H.Heydenreich, Dibner and L. Reti, 1981, Leonardo the Inventor, London: Hutchinson.
    I.B.Hart, 1961, The World of Leonardo da Vinci, London: Macdonald.
    LRD / IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Leonardo da Vinci

  • 6 more

    1. a от, и I

    to have more patience than … — иметь больше терпения, чем …

    2. a больший

    ten is two more than eight — десять на два больше, чем восемь

    3. a добавочный, дополнительный; ещё

    a very little more — ещё; совсем немного; чуть-чуть

    more importantly — что ещё более важно, более того

    4. adv от I
    5. adv больше, более

    he was more frightened than hurt — он больше испугался, чем ушибся

    you thanked her, which is more than I did — вы поблагодарили её, чего я не сделал

    he got no more than his due — он получил столько, сколько ему положено

    he is no more a professor than I am — он такой же профессор, как я

    more cannot be said — больше нечего сказать ; что ещё можно сказать

    6. adv ещё; опять, снова; в добавок

    what is more — вдобавок; более того

    7. adv сравнит. ст. служит для образования многосложных прилагательных и наречий более

    neither more nor less than … — ни больше ни меньше, как …; не что иное, как …

    the more … the more — чем больше …, тем больше

    the more he has the more he wants — чем больше он имеет, тем большего он хочет

    the more the better — чем больше, тем лучше

    the more the merrier — чем больше, тем веселее;

    she is beautiful but her sister is more so — она красива, но её сестра ещё красивее

    the more so, as … — тем более, что; тем паче, что …

    there was more like a hundred than fifty — там было скорее сто, чем пятьдесят

    what is more, and more — и вдобавок; больше того; что ещё важно ; а кроме того

    more is meant than meets the eye — это не так просто; имеется в виду больше, чем кажется на первый взгляд

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. additional (adj.) added; additional; another; else; extra; farther; fresh; further; new; other
    2. increased (adj.) aggrandized; enhanced; expanded; extended; increased
    3. more (adj.) more; more legion; more multitudinous; more myriad; more numerous; more voluminous
    4. also (other) additionally; along; also; as well; besides; beyond; futhermore; in addition; item; likewise; moreover; still; too; withal; yea; yet
    5. better (other) better
    6. often (other) again and again; many a time; many times; more; more frequently; often; oftentimes (literary)

    English-Russian base dictionary > more

  • 7 bad debt expense

    фин., учет = uncollectible accounts expense
    * * *
    . Generally, the cost of uncollectible accounts receivable which occurs when customers to whom a business has extended credit fail to pay. It can also refer to any debt owed you which is uncollectible. . Small Business Taxes & Management 2 .

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > bad debt expense

  • 8 Hawthorne experiments

    Gen Mgt
    a series of studies undertaken at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric in the United States from which Elton Mayo concluded that an approach emphasizing employee participation can improve productivity. The Hawthorne experiments began in 1924 as a study conducted by the National Research Council into the relationship between workplace lighting and employee efficiency, and was then extended to include wage incentives and rest periods. It was found that whatever variations were applied upward or downward, output rose, and this was termed the Hawthorne effect. The increased productivity was attributed to several causes, including small group size, earnings, the novelty of being part of an experiment, and the increased attention given to the employees being studied. The style of the supervisor, which was relaxed and friendly, in contrast to the then standard practice, was found to be particularly important. In a second group of employees, however, it was observed that, as the experiments progressed, output was restricted, and that whatever the incentive, the group showed a resistance to it. In 1929, and 1930, Elton Mayo visited Hawthorne. He linked supervisory style and levels of morale with productivity. High productivity resulted from an engaged supervisory style that encouraged participation. Low productivity resulted when a supervisor remained remote and retained a traditional supervisory role. The Hawthorne experiments established the importance of management style and interpersonal skills to organizational success.

    The ultimate business dictionary > Hawthorne experiments

  • 9 Cotton, William

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 1819 Seagrave, Leicestershire, England
    d. after 1878
    [br]
    English inventor of a power-driven flat-bed knitting machine.
    [br]
    Cotton was originally employed in Loughborough and became one of the first specialized hosiery-machine builders. After the introduction of the latch needle by Matthew Townsend in 1856, knitting frames developed rapidly. The circular frame was easier to work automatically, but attempts to apply power to the flat frame, which could produce fully fashioned work, culminated in 1863 with William Cotton's machine. In that year he invented a machine that could make a dozen or more stockings or hose simultaneously and knit fashioned garments of all kinds. The difficulty was to reduce automatically the number of stitches in the courses where the hose or garment narrowed to give it shape. Cotton had early opportunities to apply himself to the improvement of hosiery machines while employed in the patent shop of Cartwright \& Warner of Loughborough, where some of the first rotaries were made. He remained with the firm for twenty years, during which time sixty or seventy of these machines were turned out. Cotton then established a factory for the manufacture of warp fabrics, and it was here that he began to work on his ideas. He had no knowledge of the principles of engineering or drawing, so his method of making sketches and then getting his ideas roughed out involved much useless labour. After twelve years, in 1863, a patent was issued for the machine that became the basis of the Cotton's Patent type. This was a flat frame driven by rotary mechanism and remarkable for its adaptability. At first he built his machine upright, like a cottage piano, but after much thought and experimentation he conceived the idea of turning the upper part down flat so that the needles were in a vertical position instead of being horizontal, and the work was carried off horizontally instead of vertically. His first machine produced four identical pieces simultaneously, but this number was soon increased. Cotton was induced by the success of his invention to begin machine building as a separate business and thus established one of the first of a class of engineering firms that sprung up as an adjunct to the new hosiery manufacture. He employed only a dozen men and turned out six machines in the first year, entering into an agreement with Hine \& Mundella for their exclusive use. This was later extended to the firm of I. \& R.Morley. In 1878, Cotton began to build on his own account, and the business steadily increased until it employed some 200 workers and had an output of 100 machines a year.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1863, British patent no. 1,901 (flat-frame knitting machine).
    Further Reading
    F.A.Wells, 1935, The British Hosiery and Knitwear Industry: Its History and Organisation, London (based on an article in the Knitters' Circular (Feb. 1898).
    A brief account of the background to Cotton's invention can be found in T.K.Derry and T.I. Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology from the Earliest Times to AD 1900, Oxford; C. Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    F.Moy Thomas, 1900, I. \& R.Morley. A Record of a Hundred Years, London (mentions cotton's first machines).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Cotton, William

  • 10 Spätschaden

    ■ Körperliche Beeinträchtigung, die sich erst nach der Verletzungsbehandlung und der Wiederaufnahme der sportlichen Tätigkeit einstellt.
    ■ Consequences of an injury which do not materialise until a certain time after the index injury and/or can be felt over an extended time span.

    German-english football dictionary > Spätschaden

  • 11 Kegel, Karl

    [br]
    b. 19 May 1876 Magdeburg, Germany
    d. 5 March 1959 Freiberg, Saxony, Germany
    [br]
    German professor of mining who established the mining of lignite as a discipline in the science of mining.
    [br]
    Within the long tradition of celebrated teachers at the Mining Academy in Freiberg, Kegel can be considered as probably the last professor teaching the science of mining who was able to cover all the different disciplines. As was the case with a number of his predecessors, he was able to combine theoretical research work with the teaching of students and to support his theories with the practical experience of industry. He has apprenticed at the Mansfeld copper mines, went to the School of Mines at Eisleben (1896–8), worked as an engineer with various mining companies and thereafter became a scholar of the Berlin Mining Academy (1901–4). For twelve years he taught at the Bochum School of Mining until, in 1918, he was appointed Professor of Mining at Freiberg. There, one year later, as a new approach, he introduced lectures on brown-coal mining and mineral economics. He remained Professor at Freiberg until his first retirement in 1941, although he was active again between 1945 and 1951.
    In 1924 Kegel took over a department at the State Research Institute for Brown Coal in Freiberg which he extended into the Institute for Briquetting. In this field his main achievement lies in the initially questioned theory that producing briquettes from lignite is a molecular process rather than the result of bituminous factors. This perception, among others, led Rammler to produce coke from lignite in 1951. Kegel's merits result from having established all the aspects of mining and using lignite as an independent subdiscipline of mining science, based on substantial theories and an innovative understanding of applied technologies.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1941, Bergmännische Gebirgsmechanik, Halle (Saale). 1948, Brikettierung der Braunkohle, Halle (Saale).
    1953, Lehrbuch des Braunkohlentagebaus, Halle (Saale).
    Further Reading
    E.Kroker, "Karl Kegel", Neue deutsche Biographie, Vol. XI, p. 394 (a reliable short account).
    Bergakademie Freiberg (ed.), 1976, Karl Kegel 1876–1959. Festschrift aus Anlaß seines
    100. Geburtstages, Leipzig (contains substantial biographical information).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Kegel, Karl

  • 12 free space

    "The space available on a hard disk for creating primary partitions and extended partions, on which logical drives can be created, formatted, and assigned drive letters."

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > free space

  • 13 hybrid hard disk

    "A hard disk that contains a small amount of solid-state nonvolatile memory which, when used as a cache, can realize significant benefits such as faster booting, extended battery life, and a more rugged PC."

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > hybrid hard disk

  • 14 hybrid drive

    "A hard disk that contains a small amount of solid-state nonvolatile memory which, when used as a cache, can realize significant benefits such as faster booting, extended battery life, and a more rugged PC."

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > hybrid drive

  • 15 BAR

    1. электрическая шина
    2. штрих (символа штрихового кода)
    3. цилиндр высокого давления паровой турбины, выполненный без горизонтального разъёма
    4. топливный блок
    5. сборная шина
    6. мелководье
    7. кассета пресс-формы
    8. импульс строчной развертки
    9. засов
    10. запрещать
    11. долговременная маркировка
    12. втулка насоса
    13. брус (металлургия)
    14. барометрический
    15. барабан лебёдки
    16. бар (в геологии, геофизике)
    17. аллювиальное месторождение (геол.)

     

    аллювиальное месторождение (геол.)
    —
    [ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    бар
    1. Песчаные валы вдоль берегов морей, среди них различают: подводный Б.; островной Б.; береговой Б.
    2. Мощные толщи сортированных слоистых отложений, сформированных в зонах эрозионной тени или в расширениях речных долин на путях катастрофических гляциальных паводков (см. формы рельефа дилювиально-аккумулятивные).
    [ Словарь геологических терминов и понятий. Томский Государственный Университет]

    Тематики

    • геология, геофизика

    Обобщающие термины

    EN

     

    барабан лебёдки
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    барометрический
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    брус
    Физ. тело, поперечное сечение к-рого мало по сравнению с длиной. Б., работающий гл. обр. на изгиб, наз. балкой. Б. обычно являются составными элементами конструкций машин и сооружений.
    [ http://metaltrade.ru/abc/a.htm]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    втулка насоса
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    запрещать
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    засов
    Ндп. ригель
    Деталь, служащая для обеспечения запирания конструкции посредством ввода в запорную планку.
    [РД 25.03.001-2002] 

    Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

    Тематики

    EN

     

    импульс строчной развертки
    —
    [Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    кассета пресс-формы
    кассета
    Ндп.     монтажная плита
    Плита с отверстиями для установки в них формообразующих, направляющих и фиксирующих деталей.
    [ ГОСТ 23165-78]

    Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

    Тематики

    • пресс-формы для резинотехн. изделий

    Обобщающие термины

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    сборная шина
    Шина, к которой могут быть присоединены одна или несколько распределительных шин и/или блоков ввода или вывода.
    [ ГОСТ Р 51321. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60439-1-92)]
    [ ГОСТ Р МЭК 61439.1-2013]

    сборные шины
    Система проводников, соединяемых с блоком ввода и предназначенных для присоединения к ним фазных, нулевых защитных РЕ и нулевых рабочих N проводников нескольких распределительных и групповых электрических цепей.
    Примечание — Термин «шина» не определяет ее конструкцию
    [ ГОСТ Р 51732-2001]

    главная шина
    —
    [Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

    EN

    main busbar
    busbar to which one or several distribution busbars and/or incoming and outgoing units can be connected
    [IEC 61439-1, ed. 2.0 (2011-08)]

    FR

    jeu de barres principal
    jeu de barres auquel un ou plusieurs jeux de barres de distribution et/ou des unités d'arrivée et de départ peuvent être raccordés
    [IEC 61439-1, ed. 2.0 (2011-08)]

    0079_1
    Рис. Legrand

    1 - Сборная шина
    2 - Распределительные шины

    5487
    Рис. Schneider Electric:

    Main busbar - Сборная шина
    Distribution busbars - Распределительные шины
    A: Incoming device - А: Аппарат ввода
    D: Outgoing device - D: Аппарат вывода

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    EN

    FR

     

    топливный блок
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    цилиндр высокого давления паровой турбины, выполненный без горизонтального разъёма
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    штрих (символа штрихового кода)
    Темная линия в напечатанном символе штрихового кода.
    [ ГОСТ 30721-2000]
    [ ГОСТ Р 51294.3-99]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    электрическая шина
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

    04.02.27 долговременная маркировка [ permanent marking]: Изображение, полученное с помощью интрузивного или неинтрузивного маркирования, которое должно оставаться различимым, как минимум, в течение установленного срока службы изделия.

    Сравнить с терминологической статьей «соединение» по ИСО/МЭК19762-11).

    ______________

    1)Терминологическая статья 04.02.27 не связана с указанной терминологической статьей.

    <2>4 Сокращения

    ECI интерпретация в расширенном канале [extended channel interpretation]

    DPM прямое маркирование изделий [direct part marking]

    BWA коррекция ширины штриха [bar width adjustment]

    BWC компенсация ширины штриха [barwidth compensation]

    CPI число знаков на дюйм [characters per inch]

    PCS сигнал контраста печати [print contrast signal]

    ORM оптический носитель данных [optically readable medium]

    FoV поле обзора [field of view]

    Алфавитный указатель терминов на английском языке

    (n, k)symbology

    04.02.13

    add-on symbol

    03.02.29

    alignment pattern

    04.02.07

    aperture

    02.04.09

    auto discrimination

    02.04.33

    auxiliary character/pattern

    03.01.04

    background

    02.02.05

    bar

    02.01.05

    bar code character

    02.01.09

    bar code density

    03.02.14

    barcode master

    03.02.19

    barcode reader

    02.04.05

    barcode symbol

    02.01.03

    bar height

    02.01.16

    bar-space sequence

    02.01.20

    barwidth

    02.01.17

    barwidth adjustment

    03.02.21

    barwidth compensation

    03.02.22

    barwidth gain/loss

    03.02.23

    barwidth increase

    03.02.24

    barwidth reduction

    03.02.25

    bearer bar

    03.02.11

    binary symbology

    03.01.10

    characters per inch

    03.02.15

    charge-coupled device

    02.04.13

    coded character set

    02.01.08

    column

    04.02.11

    compaction mode

    04.02.15

    composite symbol

    04.02.14

    contact scanner

    02.04.07

    continuous code

    03.01.12

    corner marks

    03.02.20

    data codeword

    04.02.18

    data region

    04.02.17

    decodability

    02.02.28

    decode algorithm

    02.02.01

    defect

    02.02.22

    delineator

    03.02.30

    densitometer

    02.02.18

    depth of field (1)

    02.04.30

    depth of field (2)

    02.04.31

    diffuse reflection

    02.02.09

    direct part marking

    04.02.24

    discrete code

    03.01.13

    dot code

    04.02.05

    effective aperture

    02.04.10

    element

    02.01.14

    erasure

    04.02.21

    error correction codeword

    04.02.19

    error correction level

    04.02.20

    even parity

    03.02.08

    field of view

    02.04.32

    film master

    03.02.18

    finder pattern

    04.02.08

    fixed beam scanner

    02.04.16

    fixed parity

    03.02.10

    fixed pattern

    04.02.03

    flat-bed scanner

    02.04.21

    gloss

    02.02.13

    guard pattern

    03.02.04

    helium neon laser

    02.04.14

    integrated artwork

    03.02.28

    intercharacter gap

    03.01.08

    intrusive marking

    04.02.25

    label printing machine

    02.04.34

    ladder orientation

    03.02.05

    laser engraver

    02.04.35

    latch character

    02.01.24

    linear bar code symbol

    03.01.01

    magnification factor

    03.02.27

    matrix symbology

    04.02.04

    modular symbology

    03.01.11

    module (1)

    02.01.13

    module (2)

    04.02.06

    modulo

    03.02.03

    moving beam scanner

    02.04.15

    multi-row symbology

    04.02.09

    non-intrusive marking

    04.02.26

    odd parity

    03.02.07

    omnidirectional

    03.01.14

    omnidirectional scanner

    02.04.20

    opacity

    02.02.16

    optically readable medium

    02.01.01

    optical throw

    02.04.27

    orientation

    02.04.23

    orientation pattern

    02.01.22

    oscillating mirror scanner

    02.04.19

    overhead

    03.01.03

    overprinting

    02.04.36

    pad character

    04.02.22

    pad codeword

    04.02.23

    permanent marking

    04.02.27

    photometer

    02.02.19

    picket fence orientation

    03.02.06

    pitch

    02.04.26

    pixel

    02.04.37

    print contrast signal

    02.02.20

    printability gauge

    03.02.26

    printability test

    02.02.21

    print quality

    02.02.02

    quiet zone

    02.01.06

    raster

    02.04.18

    raster scanner

    02.04.17

    reading angle

    02.04.22

    reading distance

    02.04.29

    read rate

    02.04.06

    redundancy

    03.01.05

    reference decode algorithm

    02.02.26

    reference threshold

    02.02.27

    reflectance

    02.02.07

    reflectance difference

    02.02.11

    regular reflection

    02.02.08

    resolution

    02.01.15

    row

    04.02.10

    scanner

    02.04.04

    scanning window

    02.04.28

    scan, noun (1)

    02.04.01

    scan, noun (2)

    02.04.03

    scan reflectance profile

    02.02.17

    scan, verb

    02.04.02

    self-checking

    02.01.21

    shift character

    02.01.23

    short read

    03.02.12

    show through

    02.02.12

    single line (beam) scanner

    02.04.11

    skew

    02.04.25

    slot reader

    02.04.12

    speck

    02.02.24

    spectral response

    02.02.10

    spot

    02.02.25

    stacked symbology

    04.02.12

    stop character/pattern

    03.01.02

    structured append

    04.02.16

    substitution error

    03.02.01

    substrate

    02.02.06

    symbol architecture

    02.01.04

    symbol aspect ratio

    02.01.19

    symbol character

    02.01.07

    symbol check character

    03.02.02

    symbol density

    03.02.16

    symbology

    02.01.02

    symbol width

    02.01.18

    tilt

    02.04.24

    transmittance (l)

    02.02.14

    transmittance (2)

    02.02.15

    truncation

    03.02.13

    two-dimensional symbol (1)

    04.02.01

    two-dimensional symbol (2)

    04.02.02

    two-width symbology

    03.01.09

    variable parity encodation

    03.02.09

    verification

    02.02.03

    verifier

    02.02.04

    vertical redundancy

    03.01.06

    void

    02.02.23

    wand

    02.04.08

    wide: narrow ratio

    03.01.07

    X dimension

    02.01.10

    Y dimension

    02.01.11

    Z dimension

    02.01.12

    zero-suppression

    03.02.17

    <2>Приложение ДА1)

    ______________

    1)

    Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО/МЭК 19762-2-2011: Информационные технологии. Технологии автоматической идентификации и сбора данных (АИСД). Гармонизированный словарь. Часть 2. Оптические носители данных (ОНД) оригинал документа

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > BAR

  • 16 non-renewable resource

    1. невозобновляемый ресурс

     

    невозобновляемый ресурс
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    non-renewable resource
    A natural resource which, in terms of human time scales, is contained within the Earth in a fixed quantity and therefore can be used once only in the foreseeable future (although it may be recycled after its first use). This includes the fossil fuels and is extended to include mineral resources and sometimes ground water, although water and many minerals are renewed eventually. (Source: ALL)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > non-renewable resource

См. также в других словарях:

  • Extended file attributes — is a file system feature that enables users to associate computer files with metadata not interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such as permissions or records of creation and… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended display identification data — (EDID) is a data structure provided by a computer display to describe its capabilities to a graphics card. It is what enables a modern personal computer to know what kind of monitor is connected. EDID is defined by a standard published by the… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended Capability RFID — [http://www.itrportal.com/absolutenm/templates/article barcode.aspx?articleid=5098 zoneid=6 RFID and Extended Capabilities , IT Reseller , July 28 2008] ] is a category of RFID that goes beyond the basic capabilities of standard RFID. Extended c …   Wikipedia

  • Extended Data Services — (now XDS, previously EDS), is an American standard classified under Electronic Industries Alliance standard CEA 608 E [http://www.ce.org/Standards/browseByCommittee 2523.asp] for the delivery of any ancillary data (metadata) to be sent with an… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended boot record — An Extended Boot Record (EBR), or Extended Partition Boot Record (EPBR)fn|1, is a descriptor for a logical partition under the common DOS disk drive partitioning system. In that system, when one (and only one) partition record entry in the Master …   Wikipedia

  • Extended Euclidean algorithm — The extended Euclidean algorithm is an extension to the Euclidean algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor (GCD) of integers a and b : it also finds the integers x and y in Bézout s identity: ax + by = gcd(a, b). ,(Typically either x or… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended producer responsibility — (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the integration of environmental costs associated with products throughout their life cycles into the market price of the products (OECD 1999).Extended producer responsibility imposes accountability over… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended Validation Certificate — Extended Validation Certificates (EV) [ The term validation as used here should not be confused with the Certification path validation algorithm commonly found in a certificate context.] are a special type of X.509 certificate which require more… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure — (EXAFS), or more simply X ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), is an experimental method in physics and chemistry of determining the bonding of solids by analyzing oscillations in x ray absorption versus photon energy that are caused by… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended SMTP — (ESMTP), sometimes referred to as Enhanced SMTP, is a definition of protocol extensions to the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol standard. The extension format was defined in RFC 1869 in 1995.RFC 1869 established a structure for all existing and… …   Wikipedia

  • Extended Unix Code — (EUC) is a multibyte character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and simplified Chinese.The structure of EUC is based on the ISO 2022 standard, which specifies a way to represent character sets containing a maximum of 94… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»